czyli HARD ROCK \/ HEAVY ROCK \/ HEAVY METAL \/ THRASH \/ NU METAL i inne<\/p>\n
„To by\u0142o w Nowym Yorku. Kto\u015b nazwa\u0142 muzyk\u0119 Jimiego heavy metalem. Nie zna\u0142em wcze\u015bniej tego okre\u015blenia. U\u017cy\u0142 go jaki\u015b dziennikarz – nie pami\u0119tam jego nazwiska -, napisa\u0142, \u017ce muzyka Hendrixa przypomina lej\u0105cy si\u0119 z nieba ci\u0119\u017cki metal. Potem u\u017cywano tych s\u0142\u00f3w na okre\u015blenia ca\u0142ego gatunku.”<\/p>\n
[Chass Chandler – basista The Animals, odkrywca i jeden z menad\u017cer\u00f3w Jimiego Hendrixa – w filmie Dancing In The Street, zrealizowanym w kooperacji BBC i WG & H w 1996r] <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Racin’ with the wind<\/p>\n
And the feeling that that I’m under…”<\/p>\n
[Steppenwolf – Born To Be Wild, 1968]<\/p>\n
HARD ROCK, styl rockowy wywodz\u0105cy si\u0119 z blues rocka, powsta\u0142y 1969-1970 wraz z ukazaniem si\u0119 p\u0142yt zespo\u0142\u00f3w Led Zeppelin,<\/p>\n
Black Sabbath i Deep Purple, b\u0119d\u0105cy owocem wcze\u015bniejszych pr\u00f3b J.Hendrixa i grupy Cream. Hard rock cechuje riffowa budowa utwor\u00f3w, pot\u0119ga brzmienia, ekspresja wykonania.<\/p>\n
HEAVY METAL, styl rockowy powsta\u0142y z hard rocka z chwil\u0105 ust\u0105pienia wp\u0142yw\u00f3w bluesa. W g\u0142\u00f3wnym nurcie heavy metalu znalaz\u0142y si\u0119 m.in. zespo\u0142y Iron Maiden i Van Halen. Popularno\u015b\u0107 zdoby\u0142y te\u017c brutalne odmiany stylu jak thrash, death metal, grindcore, reprezentowane przez zespo\u0142y Venom, Metallica, Slayer, Death, Napalm Death, Carcoss i in.<\/p>\n
THRASH, odmiana heavy metalu, spopularyzowana ok. 1983 przez amer. zespo\u0142y Metallica i Slayer. Thrash ujawnia wp\u0142yw punk rocka, odznacza si\u0119 postrz\u0119pion\u0105 narracj\u0105 muz., dominacj\u0105 drobnych warto\u015bci rytmicznych i szybkich temp, agresywnym, celowo „zabrudzonym” brzmieniem.<\/p>\n
[Encyklopedia muzyki, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Wydanie 1. 1995]<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Had cought the public eye<\/p>\n
Snotty boys with lipstick on<\/p>\n
Was really flyin’ high<\/p>\n
'N then they got that disco thing<\/p>\n
'N New Wave came along<\/p>\n
'N all of a sudden I thought the time<\/p>\n
Had come for that old song<\/p>\n
We used to play in „Joe’s Garage”<\/p>\n
[Frank Zappa – Joe’s Garage, 1979r]<\/p>\n
HARD ROCK<\/p>\n
1. nurt muzyki rockowej, obejmuj\u0105cy wszelkie formy oparte na mocnym, dynamicznym rytmie, wykonywane g\u0142\u00f3wnie na gitarach elektrycznych i perkusji. SYN. heavy metal, heavy rock (w zn. 1)<\/p>\n
2. styl w muzyce rockowej, popularny w latach 60. i 70. XXw., charakteryzuj\u0105cy si\u0119 powtarzaj\u0105cymi si\u0119 figurami rytmicznymi gitary basowej oraz gr\u0105 w tym samym rytmie gitary solowej z perkusj\u0105. SYN. heavy rock (w zn. 2)<\/p>\n
HEAVY METAL<\/p>\n
styl w muzyce rockowej, obejmuj\u0105cy wszelkie formy oparte na mocnym, dynamicznym rytmie, wykonywane g\u0142\u00f3wnie na gitarach elektrycznych i perkusji. SYN. metal, hard rock (w zn. 2), heavy rock (w zn. 2)<\/p>\n
HEAVY ROCK<\/p>\n
1. nurt muzyki rockowej, obejmuj\u0105cy wszelkie formy oparte na mocnym, dynamicznym rytmie, wykonywane g\u0142\u00f3wnie na gitarach elektrycznych i perkusji. SYN. hard rock (w zn. 1)<\/p>\n
2. styl w muzyce rockowej, popularny w latach 60. i 70. XXw., charakteryzuj\u0105cy si\u0119 powtarzaj\u0105cymi si\u0119 figurami rytmicznymi gitary basowej oraz gr\u0105 w tym samym rytmie gitary solowej z perkusj\u0105. SYN. hard rock (w zn. 2)<\/p>\n
THRASH<\/p>\n
styl w muzyce heavymetalowej, charakteryzuj\u0105cy si\u0119 szybkim tempem, ostrym, agresywnym brzmieniem gitar; niezrozumia\u0142y \u015bpiew wokalisty nak\u0142ada si\u0119 na jednowymiarowe, wytr\u0105cone z rytmu podk\u0142ady muzyczne; jedna z najbardziej ekstremalnych form muzyki heavymetalowej.<\/p>\n
[Adam Wola\u0144ski – S\u0142ownik termin\u00f3w muzyki rozrywkowej, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2000]<\/p>\n
„Metallica – nic ciekawego”<\/a> [Artyku\u0142 z Machiny]<\/p>\n HARD ROCK<\/p>\n Nurt ukszta\u0142towany pod koniec lat 60. jako antyteza melodyjnego rocka. W powstaniu stylu zespo\u0142y skorzysta\u0142y z osi\u0105gni\u0119\u0107 muzyki psychodelicznej i blues rocka, upraszczaj\u0105c form\u0119 do ci\u0119\u017ckiego brzmienia, mocnych riff\u00f3w gitarowych i wyrazistych popis\u00f3w solistycznych. Nurt przetrwa\u0142 w klasycznej formie w latach 70. i 80., dostosowuj\u0105c jedynie brzmienie do aktualnych wymog\u00f3w. Hard rock pozostaje fundamentem g\u0142o\u015bnej, agresywnej muzyki gitarowej, bez wzgl\u0119du na p\u00f3\u017aniejsze przeobra\u017cenia.<\/p>\n Przedstawiciele: AC\/DC, Montrose, The Who<\/p>\n HEAVYMETAL<\/p>\n Najbardziej pojemny termin, cz\u0119sto stosowany zamiennie z heavy rock. Na pocz\u0105tku stosowano to okre\u015blenie dla muzyki zespo\u0142\u00f3w hardrockowych, graj\u0105cych ostrzej i z wi\u0119ksz\u0105 inwencj\u0105. Si\u0142\u0105 nap\u0119dow\u0105 nurtu byli od pocz\u0105tku gitarzy\u015bci, rozwijaj\u0105cy swoje umiej\u0119tno\u015bci i wykazuj\u0105cy wielk\u0105 pomys\u0142owo\u015b\u0107. Blues, kt\u00f3ry inspirowa\u0142 muzyk\u00f3w, z czasem zosta\u0142 uproszczony i pozbawiony „ko\u0142ysz\u0105cego” rytmu, a coraz g\u0142o\u015bniejsze i mocniejsze brzmienie gitary wyznacza\u0142o charakter muzyki. Zespo\u0142y metalowe zacz\u0119\u0142y koncentrowa\u0107 si\u0119 na nagrywaniu ca\u0142ych album\u00f3w, ignoruj\u0105c rynek singli, nastawiony na komercyjny sukces. Eskalacja dynamiki i agresywno\u015bci brzmienia z perspektywy 30 lat historii heavy metalu wydaje si\u0119 nieko\u0144cz\u0105cym si\u0119 procesem, co udowodnili pionierzy stylu czynni do chwili obecnej<\/p>\n Przedstawiciele: Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Led Zeppelin, Nazareth, Uriah Heep<\/p>\n NWOBHM (Nowa Fala Brytyjskiego Heavy Metalu)<\/p>\n Termin nurtu, kt\u00f3ry powsta\u0142 w obr\u0119bie angielskiego hard rocka i heavy metalu na prze\u0142omie lat 70 i 80. Z jednej strony nowe zespo\u0142y czerpa\u0142y inspiracj\u0119 z muzyki wcze\u015bniej dzia\u0142aj\u0105cych grup Black Sabbath czy Deep Purple. Z drugiej strony wype\u0142nia\u0142y luk\u0119 na rynku muzycznym po rewolucji punk rocka, wprowadzaj\u0105c znowu na pierwszy plan dwie gitary z ca\u0142ym bogactwem mo\u017cliwo\u015bci brzmienia i tworzenia sugestywnej muzyki. Z NWOBHM powsta\u0142y liczne kierunki heavy metalu<\/p>\n Przedstawiciele: Def Leppard, Diamond Head, Iron Maiden, Saxon<\/p>\n THRASH<\/p>\n Nurt heavy metalu powsta\u0142y z po\u0142\u0105czenia punk rocka i NWOBHM. W efekcie nast\u0105pi\u0142o zjednoczenie agresji i wulgarno\u015bci z szybko\u015bci\u0105 gry i zbrutalizowanym brzmieniem. Bardzo szybkie aran\u017cacje utwor\u00f3w, nieustanny, kaskadowy rytm i kipi\u0105ce d\u017awi\u0119kami partie solowe stworzy\u0142y wyj\u0105tkow\u0105 form\u0119 muzyki metalowej. Z czasem zespo\u0142y tego stylu pod\u0105\u017cy\u0142y w r\u00f3\u017cnych kierunkach.<\/p>\n Przedstawiciele: Megadeth, Metallica, Testament<\/p>\n [Ian Kenyon, Ryszard Gloger. Glosariusz Encyklopedii Muzyki Popularnej – Heavy rock. Wydanie I, 2000r. na podstawie The Virgin Encyclopedia of Heavy Rock – Muze 1999 pod redakcj\u0105 Colina Larkina]<\/p>\n Hard rock<\/p>\n genre: Rock<\/p>\n Is a term that’s frequently applied to any sort of loud, aggressive guitar rock, but for these purposes, the definition is more specific. To be sure, hard rock is loud, aggressive guitar rock, but it isn’t as heavy as heavy metal, and it’s only very rarely influenced by punk (though it helped inspire punk). Hard rock generally prizes big, stadium-ready guitar riffs, anthemic choruses, and stomping, swaggering backbeats; its goals are usually (though not universally) commercial, and it’s nearly always saturated with machismo. With some bands, it can be difficult to tell where the dividing line between hard rock and heavy metal falls, but the basic distinction is that ever since Black Sabbath metal tends to be darker and more menacing, while hard rock (for the most part) has remained exuberant, chest-thumping party music. Additionally, while metal riffs often function as stand-alone melodies, hard rock riffs tend to outline chord progressions in their hooks, making for looser, more elastic jams should the band decide to stretch out instrumentally. Like heavy metal, hard rock sprang from the mid-’60s intersection of blues-rock and psychedelia pioneered by artists like Cream, Jimi Hendrix and Jeff Beck Group. Blues-rock and psychedelia were both exploring the limits of electric amplification, and blues-rock was pushing the repeated guitar riff center stage, while taking some of the swing out of the blues beat and replacing it with a thumping power. Hard rock really came into its own at the dawn of the ’70s, with the tough, boozy rock of The Rolling Stones(post-Brian Jones) and Faces, the blues-drenched power and textured arrangements of Led Zeppelin, the post-psychedelic rave-ups of Deep Purple and the loud, ringing power chords of The Who (circa Who’s Next) setting the template for much of what followed. Later in the decade, the lean, stripped-down riffs of AC\/DC and Aerosmith, the catchy tunes and stage theatrics of Alice Cooper and Kiss, and the instrumental flash of Van Halen set new trends, though the essential musical blueprint for hard rock remained similar. Arena rock also became a dominant force, stripping out nearly all blues influence and concentrating solely on big, bombastic hooks. During the ’80s, hard rock was dominated by glossy pop-metal, although Guns N’ Roses, the Black Crowes, and several others did present a grittier, more traditionalist alternative. Old-fashioned hard rock became a scarce commodity in the post-alternative rock era; after grunge, many guitar bands not only adopted a self-consciously serious attitude, but also resisted the urge to write fist-pumping, arena-ready choruses. Still, the ’90s did produce a few exceptions, such as Oasis, Urge Overkill, and the serious but anthemic Pearl Jam.<\/p>\n [All Music Guide – http:\\\\www.allmusic.com<\/a>]<\/p>\n New Wave of British Heavy Metal<\/p>\n genre: Rock<\/p>\n The New Wave of British Heavy Metal re-energized heavy metal in the late ’70s and early ’80s. By the close of the ’70s, heavy metal had stagnated, with its biggest stars (Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath) either breaking away from the genre or sinking in their own indulgence, while many of its midlevel artists were simply undistinguished, churning out bluesy hard-rock riffs. The NWOBHM kicked out all of the blues, sped up the tempo, and toughened up the sound, leaving just a mean, tough, fast, hard metallic core. It didn’t make any attempts to win a wide audience – it was pure metal, made for metal fans. Perhaps that’s the reason why it’s at the foundation of all modern-day metal: true metalheads either listened to this, or to bands like Metallica, which were inspired by bands like Diamond Head.<\/p>\n [All Music Guide – http:\\\\www.allmusic.com<\/a>]<\/p>\n Heavy Metal<\/p>\n genre: Rock<\/p>\n Of all rock & roll’s myriad forms, heavy metal is the most extreme in terms of volume, machismo, and theatricality. There are numerous stylistic variations on heavy metal’s core sound, but they’re all tied together by a reliance on loud, distorted guitars (usually playing repeated riffs) and simple, pounding rhythms. Heavy metal has been controversial nearly throughout its existence – critics traditionally dismissed the music as riddled with over-the-top adolescent theatrics, and conservative groups have often protested what they perceive as evil lyrical content. Still, despite – or perhaps because of – those difficulties, heavy metal has become one of the most consistently popular forms of rock music ever created, able to adapt to the times yet keep its core appeal intact. For all its status as America’s rebellion soundtrack of choice, heavy metal was largely a British creation. The first seeds of heavy metal were sown in the British blues movement of the ’60s, specifically among bands who found it hard to adjust to the natural swing of American blues. The rhythms became more squared-off, and the amplified electric instruments became more important, especially with the innovations of artists like the Kinks, the Who, Jimi Hendrix, Cream, and the Jeff Beck Group. Arguably the first true metal band, however, was Led Zeppelin. Initially, Zep played blues tunes heavier and louder than anyone ever had, and soon created an epic, textured brand of heavy rock that drew from many musical sources. Less subtle but perhaps even more influential was Black Sabbath, whose murky, leaden guitar riffs created a doomy fantasy world obsessed with drugs, death, and the occult. Following the blueprint laid down by Zep and Sabbath, several American bands modified heavy metal into more accessible forms during the ’70s: the catchy tunes and outrageous stage shows of Alice Cooper and Kiss; the sleazy boogie of Aerosmith; and the flashy guitar leads and wild party rock of Van Halen (not to mention the distinctively minimalist grooves of Australia’s AC\/DC). In the late ’70s, a cache of British bands dubbed the New Wave of British Heavy Metal (including Judas Priest, Iron Maiden, and Motorhead) started playing metal faster, leaner, and with more menace than ever before. They helped influence a new American metal scene known as thrash in the ’80s, which took shape as a reaction to metal’s new mainstream pop breakthrough, which came courtesy of Def Leppard’s Pyromania. Metal enjoyed its greatest presence on the charts during the ’80s, thanks to a raft of glammed-up pop-metal bands, but thrash bands played complex riffs at breakneck speed, sometimes dispensing with vocal melody altogether. Thrashers like Metallica and Megadeth built rabid cult followings that pushed them into the mainstream around the same time that grunge wiped pop-metal off the charts. Mainstream metal in the ’90s centered around a new hybrid called alternative metal, which (in its most commercially potent form) combined grinding thrash and grunge influences with hip-hop and industrial flourishes, though it broke with metal’s past in downplaying the importance of memorable riffs. Meanwhile, the underground grew harsher and bleaker, producing two similar, thrash-derived styles known as death metal and black metal, which produced some of the most abrasive, intense, hyperspeed music and graphic shock tactics the metal world had yet witnessed.<\/p>\n [All Music Guide – http:\\\\www.allmusic.com<\/a>]<\/p>\n Thrash<\/p>\n genre: Rock<\/p>\n Thrash was essentially the sound of underground heavy metal during the ’80s, dominated by a driving, percussive approach to rhythm guitar (thanks to a pick-hand technique called palm muting) and furious levels of aggression. Thrash was often technically accomplished, taken at fast tempos, and emphasized heavy, sometimes atonal guitar riffs over melody; however, these generalizations are far from absolute rules. In its early days, thrash was essentially the same thing as speed metal, the product of American bands who in the early ’80s fused the lean, vicious attack of the New Wave of British Heavy Metal with the tempos of hardcore punk and Motorhead. However, the dexterity and constant intensity required to play speed metal proved limiting to some, and a variety of different approaches quickly took shape: some thrash bands concentrated more on midtempo grooves, occasionally accelerating into speed-metal realms; some, like Metallica and Megadeth, used their instrumental technique to craft more intricate and progressive music; others emphasized the music’s aggression to project theatrically menacing images. Thrash provided a harder, heavier, more authentically metallic alternative to the accessible pop-metal bands who dominated the charts in the late ’80s, and despite a dearth of airplay, it became quite popular, so much so that when Metallica and Megadeth streamlined their sound to make it more accessible in the early ’90s, they became instant superstars. Diehard underground metalheads took refuge in the thrash-inspired death and black metal styles, which took thrash’s dark subject matter and visceral force to intentionally disturbing extremes.<\/p>\n [All Music Guide – http:\\\\www.allmusic.com<\/a>]<\/p>\n Nu Metal is the latest form of Heavy Metal. Whereas traditional Heavy Metal and Thrash play straight rhythms with power and speed, Nu Metal slows down the tempo and turns up the groove. The vocals are usually non-melodic and often hip-hop influenced. As with all forms of Heavy Metal, the guitar is still at the center of the music, but many Nu Metal bands have expanded out from the standard guitar, bass, and drum combo to include additional musicians, including DJs, multiple vocalists, and sample artists. The pioneering works of Nu Metal include Faith No More’s 'The Real Thing’ and Helmet’s 'Meantime.’<\/p>\n
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